Atomic?Level Metal Electrodeposition: Synthetic Strategies, Applications, and Catalytic Mechanism in Electrochemical Energy Conversion

Electrochemical energy conversion is considered a promising method to alleviate the global crisis and environmental issues. By decreasing length scale atomic level, energy-related metal electrocatalysts can possess unique catalytic properties, which maximize their utilization. The electrodeposition technique has gained unprecedented attention for synthesis of atomic-level catalysts. In this review, recent progress on various strategies used electrodeposit catalysts summarized. basic principles surface-limited electrochemical techniques (underpotential deposition (UPD)) applications in self-terminating growth are highlighted. This review also discusses mechanistic investigations, comprehensive understanding structure–activity relationships at level application these details. Finally, current challenges future directions potential use presented.